|
Alkalinity Relationships
In water chemistry, the carbon dioxide (CO2=)/carbonic
acid (H2CO3),
bicarbonate (HCO3-),
carbonate (CO3=),
and hydroxide (OH-)
content affect the pH of the
water.
Graphically, the
bicarbonate and carbonate
ionic species exist toward the
middle of the pH scale between
the hydrogen (H+) and
hydroxide (OH-) ions
as follows:
|
Ionic
Species
|
Hydrogen
Ion (H+)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hydroxide
Ion (OH-)
|
|
100%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
75%
|
|
|
|
C
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C2
|
|
|
|
|
50%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
25%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
H
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
8
|
9
|
10
|
11
|
12
|
13
|
14
|
<----P Alkalinity to pH 8.3
<---M Alkalinity to pH 4.3
|
Legend
|
|
C
|
Carbonic
Acid
|
|
C2
|
Carbonate
|
|
B
|
Bicarbonate
|
|
H
|
Hydroxide
|
|
Information
