Organic
Water Treatment Chemicals
Steam Boilers, Cooling Towers, Hot And Chilled Closed Systems
Fuel Oil Treatment
(Home of D.M Concentrate)
Water Problems
The Need for Total Water Management
In industrial and commercial installations, water plays a major part in the
manufacture of goods and control of our environment. Equipment such as boilers,
cooling towers, water distribution and waste water systems, must be maintained
to assure long life, as well as safe and efficient operation. Proper Total Water
Management is a part of required maintenance practices.
Problems With Water
Naturally occurring impurities in water can cause equipment to be subject to
fouling, scale formation, corrosion or rusting, and growth of microorganisms.
Left uncontrolled, any of these conditions will cause a loss of system capacity,
reduced energy efficiency and shortened equipment life. If a process heating,
cooling or waste water system fails, often the entire plant or facility must
shut down and suffer the economic consequences. Lack of attention to
water-related problems is often the cause for failures that cost time, money,
production and aggravation.
Solving Water Problems
Using chemicals and related mechanical means to control water related problems
is part of Total Water Management. Chemical treatment as a part of water
management provides the means to control these problems, extend equipment life,
conserve water, and operate systems at peak efficiency. Through effective water
management, industries can achieve maximum return on investments by extending
equipment life, increasing efficiency and preventing costly repairs as well as
down time.
Economic Impact
Properly applied, Total Water Management costs a facility nothing. Money spent
for products and services are repaid through reductions in energy costs and
improvements in system efficiency, as the charts below demonstrate. When the
benefits are calculated, the financial return on Total Water Management
investments is outstanding!
Cooling Water Problems
Scaling
Water formed deposits result from naturally occurring minerals precipitating
from water to form scale. The most common scales are calcium carbonate, calcium
sulfate and silica or silicates. Scale buildup on surfaces can be extremely hard
and difficult to remove. Scaling will drastically reduce heat transfer capacity
and system energy efficiency.
Corrosion
Cooling systems are exposed to many types of corrosion, from general
electrochemical corrosion, to pitting caused by deposits, electrolysis, or
microorganisms. Corrosion can reduce the life-span of equipment by years,
requiring expensive replacement. It can lead to costly equipment repairs and
production downtime. Corrosion related deposits lead to reduced capacity and
wasted energy because of heat transfer efficiency losses.
Fouling
Fouling occurs when solid materials form or contribute to the formation of
deposits on equipment surfaces. They are introduced to the system as suspended
solids and may enter by the makeup water, from corrosion by products, or as
airborne materials. Examples include mud, sand, silt, clay, oils, debris,
organics, microbes, etc. These materials adhere to heat transfer surfaces and
reduce heat transfer and water flow.
Microbial
Microbial problems associated with industrial cooling water systems are caused
by algae, fungi, and bacteria. They cause plugging, fouling, corrosion, and
destruction of wooden cooling tower components. Many different bacteria species
may exist in cooling water systems. Some of the problems caused include severe
bacterial slimes and fouling, sulfuric acid, under-deposit corrosion and health
hazards.
Boiler Water Problems
Scaling
As water is heated and converted into steam, contaminants brought into a boiler
with makeup water are left behind. The boiler functions as a distillation unit,
taking pure water out as steam, and leaving behind concentrated minerals and
other contaminants in the boiler. Scale forms as a result of the precipitation
of normally soluble solids that become insoluble as temperature increases. Some
examples of boiler scale are calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, and calcium
silicate.
Corrosion
Corrosion is a general term that indicates the conversion of a metal into a
soluble compound. In the case of boiler metal, corrosion is the conversion of
steel into rust. In a boiler, two types of corrosion are prevalent: 1.) Oxygen
pitting corrosion, seen on the tubes and in the pre-boiler section. 2.) Low pH
corrosion, seen in the condensate return system. Corrosion of either type can
lead to failure of critical parts of the boiler system, deposition of corrosion
products in critical heat exchange areas, and overall efficiency loss.
Carryover
Carryover is caused by either priming or foaming. Priming is the sudden violent
eruption of boiler water which is carried along with steam out of the boiler,
usually caused by mechanical conditions. Priming can cause deposits in and
around the main steam header valve in a short period of time. Foaming causes
carryover by forming a stable froth on the boiler water, which is then carried
out with the steam. Over a period of time, deposits due to foaming can
completely plug a steam or condensate line.
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